Which of these are being used in the EFL classroom? How often do you use them in your own teaching?

Zohpius

April 3, 2023

THE AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
In this lesson you will learn about the Audio-Lingual method. This will enable you to detect its components and techniques in a regular EFL classrooms. Most importantly, this will encourage you to reflect on the role of language drills in the EFL classroom .

I. Introduction
The audio-lingual method of teaching was based on Skinner’s Behaviorism theory, it assumed that a human being can be trained using a system of reinforcement. Correct behaviour receives positive feedback, while errors receive negative feedback.

II. Warm up task
Watch this short tutorial on How to train the brain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qG2SwE_6uVM and answer the questions below.
1. Who is the father of behaviorism?
a) John Watson
b) Ivan Pavlov
c) B. F. Skinner

2. What does the term behaviorism refer to ?
a) the school of psychology based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed.
b) the school of psychology based on the belief that behaviors can’t be measured, trained, or changed.
c) the school of psychology based on the belief that behaviors can be measured by internal mental states

3. What are the two types of conditioning?
a)
b)

4. What was Skinner box?
5. Learning is best defined as
a) any change in behavior due to experience.
b) a relatively permanent change in behavior due to natural development.
c) a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.

6. Who first identified the form of learning called classical conditioning?
a) John Watson
b) Ivan Pavlov
c) B. F. Skinner

7. Ivan Pavlov accidentally stumbled on classical conditioning while studying
a) operant conditioning in rats.
b) observational learning with children.
c) digestive processes of dogs.

8. Marcel sits in a cafe eating the best croissant he has ever tasted. He begins frequenting the cafe to order the croissants. He hardly notices the jingling of the cash register just before the clerk hands him the croissant. Now every time he hears the same kind of jingling from another cash register, his mouth waters. Marcel’s learning is an example of
a) operant conditioning.
b) classical conditioning.
c) observational learning.

9. Annie’s cat purrs reflexively whenever she strokes his fur. She does so only when she gets home from work and sits on the couch and turns on the TV to watch the news. One day, Annie turns on the TV news and the cat starts purring before she sits down to stroke his fur. Annie’s cat has undergone
a) classical conditioning.
b) operant conditioning.
c) observational learning.

10. Classical conditioning is best described as
a) learning by trial-and-error.
b) learning by association.
c) learning by observation.

11. Who is most closely associated with the study of conditioned emotional reactions?
a) John Watson
b) Ivan Pavlov
c) B. F. Skinner

12. Excessive fears, like Little Albert’s fear of rats, are called
a) phobias.
b) obsessions.
c) neuroses.

13. Skinner experimented mostly with
a) children.
b) rats and pigeons.
c) dogs.

III. Look at the table below and mark the EFL practices your teachers used in your primary EFL classroom. Rank them from the most frequent (6) to the least frequent (0).
Teaching practice Frequency of use
teacher’s emphasis was on the memorization of a series of dialogues
teacher’s emphasis was on the * rote practice (drilling) of language structure
students were made to speak English, the use of L1 was avoided

students were required to listen to the recordings and repeat
* Rote learning is the memorization of information based on repetition (see an article on the rote vs. meaningful learning https://www.oxfordlearning.com/difference-rote-learning-meaningful-learning/)

Task 1
A. Read a text about the Audio-Lingual method (Zainuddin et al., 2011, p. 65-in the attached file) and answer the following questions:

– Q1: When and how did the Audio-Lingual Method originate?

-Q2: What were the conceptual underpinnings of this method?

-Q3: What was the linguistic goal of the Audio-Lingual method?

-Q4: How did the application of the method impact students’ learning?

-Q5 : What are the most widely known applications of the Audio-Lingual method?

-Q6 : The Audio-Lingual Method is also known as the…………………………… Method and the …………………………… Method .

B. Now read a text about this method from Larsen-Freeman (2003, pp. 35-42-in the attached file) and add any additional information to your answers to Questions 1-6 (see above).

Which of these are being used in the EFL classroom? How often do you use them in your own teaching?

A technique Currently used by EFL teachers Not used in the EFL class any more I use this technique in my teaching:
frequently rarely never
Dialog memorization
Backward build-up drill

Repetition drill

Chain drill

Single slot substitution drill

Multi slot substitution drill
Transformation drill

Q&A drill
Use of minimal pairs
Complete the dialogue
Grammar game